2.
   2022
/  
 
(    )
: 3     :100
:     -    ,         
             
-
I. ''  ' '           
 
II                :
()  
() 
-
III.        ''  ''   
              
IV.    -   ()        
  
 ;    , ,   -  
         
2.
-
V.      
    ?      
  '    
VI.   
  ?            
 
-
VII.          ,     '
             
 .    ,         ?   
  
  ?
2.
   2022
/  
 
(    )
: 3     :100
:     -    ,         
             
-
I. ''  ' '           
 
:󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌"" 
                 ,
 ,  ,     '     ,
,                '
      :
 
 
 , ,   
   
    
 ,             , 
'   
 ,        

         ,         
     ,  
  , "  "
2.
,      
          
            ,     ,
   ,          ,   ,
     
         
        
 ,        ,        
 
  ,      
󷊻󷊼󷊽" " 
             
;   
             ,    
 
 :
 

  
 
 
    
    
  "
   ",        
      :
 - ?
       ?
   ?
     ?
   ?
       ?
          ,     
    
 ,   ,      
 ,      '       , , 
  ,   
     ? 
     
            ,    
 
2.
󷇮󷇭    -  
      ,        :

 
  '    '  
      '  

 
 
         
    
       
    
     

 
:  
:  +   +
    
    :
       ,      
,       
    , ,  ,  ,     , 
    
 ,      ,    ,    
󷊆󷊇   
 
             
,  ,          
 
      ,    ,    , 
 
 ,        -        
  ;         
 ,     GDP 
 ,   
 ,   

 ,             ,   
 ,     ,     ,   

 ,      
          
   
      ,  ,   
,            ,   
  
2.
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼        
?
         
      ,  
    :



 
 
 
           '   
  ,     ,        

  
   
    
        
      -         
      ,    ,      

󷊷󷊸󷊺󷊹
  ,      ,        
         ,        
    '  ,      , ,   
'  
  ,     
  ,      
           '  
;   
      , , ,     
         
2.
II                :
()  
() 
:󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼-
  ,             
  ,   --      ,   
   
 ,    
        
       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  :        ,        
        '   
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼()  
1.      
         -   -- 
,    ,            
 
;  ,     '   
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:             
  
2.      
- :   -  
:    '   
 :  '    

  :   (    )   (
 )    
3.    
   :  
    
  :          
  :       - 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔     -       ,  
    '

 
4.    
2.
   
  
 -   
       '   
5.     
 ;      
   -   
 
         
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼() 
1.      
       ,      
            ' , ,  
      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔: 1789             
   
2.     
 :   ,      
  :    
    :           

  :  ,     
3.   
 :1917          
 :18
-19
        
 :,    
   
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔     -        -   

4.   
     
 
         
     
5.    
2.
     
  -     
          
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   

 

  
-, --
, 




, 
 , 

  ,  
 ,  

,   
, 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   -   ,         
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘  
      -    -  , 
  -     ,        
    
            , 
     -,   
       

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔      ,   -     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
   
           
   
        
 ,           ,
      ,       
    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔         -       , 
       
󷇮󷇭  
           ,   
 ,
   ,   
      ,  
   
2.
-
III.        ''  ''   
              
:           
 
     ,         
  
  -          18
 
                :
      
 ,         
 ,    '   (  2, 4, 8, 16,…),    
     (  2, 4, 6, 8,…)    ,     
,   , ,         
   ,              
  :
1.  
2.  
     ,       
              ,   
                  
-                
       
             '   

1.   -        
                
      
         
               
:
   
2.
  (      -)
     
    
  
     ,     
     
   
   ,          14-16   
     18-20             
              ,   
 
       ,      '  
              :
     
   
     
               
  
         -  :
    
   
,      
 ,    :
"   "
   
   
 
               
 
  ,              
          ,   
2.
 :
   
 , , ,      
       
-        -    
         
       
  :
     
      
       
   -    
 
     
 , -      , ,    
             -   
 
 ,             , 
       -  ,   ,     
       
2.   -           
 
        ,      
                
    
       :

  
  
 
     
2.
     

         ,     ,  :
1943   
-   
              


      ,    
      
 
  
      :
   

..
-19  
-19             :
   
 
 
     , 
      
 
  
    ,       :
  
  

  
                
               
 
   
2.
, ,             
       ,    ,   
             
 
 - 
  ?
     ,          
    '           -  
          
  :
 ,   ,  ,   
  
         
  ,    , ,   -
     
 ,  - ,     ,  
              , 
               
  
IV.    -   ()        
  
 ;    , ,   -  
         
:󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼-
            
            
 (1903) ,             
             ,
 ,         -  
  
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  :              , 
    ,            
   ,   
 
2.
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    ?
        
 
 ,    - , ,     -
   ,    
          ,    ,
,   --    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   
   -       , ,
         , 
   
      
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼      
  ?
1.  
        , , 
   ,     
     ,      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔            ,      
       
2.  
  ,      '  
 ,  , -     
      '     
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔             
 ,        
3.   
            
  -       
         ,    
   
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔            
4.     
       
2.
    ,     '  
 
              

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔-   ,     ,       

󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼      
1.    
      
        
2. 
       
          
3.  -
    ,     
        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:       ,      
      
4.   
   '     
    ,      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔             
    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    
1.     
    
        
2.   
2.
     ,     
      
3.   
  ,          
  
           
4.  
            
, ,      
     
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔    
 -        
   
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘  
                  
 ,                
         ,   '  
  ,        ,     
           -     
   
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼      

           
   -,     -   
     
         ,       

     
 

       
    
  '   
  , -     
 
  
        ,    
   
2.
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔     ,     ,   
    
󹵍󹵉󹵎󹵏󹵐 

 


   

 
, - 
 
 

    

  

  
   
  
 
 
󷇮󷇭  
                ,
  ,   -       
               
       ,       
   
-
V.      
    ?      
  '    
:󷇮󷇭        : "   "
            ,   
  
  , , -, ,     
 -              -
   ,           '  ,   
  ,        
 
2.
 ,     ,        , ,
,                
              
  
  -     
 
               
  , -, ,         
   ,        '   '  
             
,  , ,          ,
       ,     
       
    
   ,  ,  , 
,             
     ,        ,   
                

         
 ,         
    
    
    
      
     
            
,   ,          
     ,           
"--- "   ,         
 
󷇰󷇯         : " ,   "
,     
 ,      
  
       -  
 
             
 ,      '     
2.
            ,   
    ,  , , , ,      '
    , ,          
                
         
    
?
 ,  ,  ,  ,  ,   
               
       ,     , 
   ,        
           ,
    ,     ,     
    -   ,       
     
   
 ,   
    ,   -            
 -           -,     
    ,   
 
      '     
         '       
           '     
   - 
        ,
          
󷇳   :   
,    ?          
 ?
  :      
  ,       , - ,  
             
          
   ,        -   
  ,       ,     
      
;   ,   , 
     
   "  "  
    '    
      
     ,  
2.
   ,      ,    
  ,     '   ,     
       
    
     
     ,    
󽆪󽆫󽆬
         ,  
 ,  

              '    
        , ,   

 ,         ,  , -,
     
 ,  
 
 ,              
,            
  
           -  
   , 
       
VI.   
  ?            
 
:󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼-
 
    ,  
        
 , -,     
      
           ,  
                 
      
 -  , ,   
     
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  :       -   
  ,             

󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  ?
: -    , - 
  
2.
  , , ,        

           
     ,     
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   
     
 , 
     '     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼           |
1.  
             

     ,    ,    
   
 -             
    
:             
        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔       
       
2.   
  ,          
         '   
 ,   ,   ,    
  
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔         
3.   
,          
    
,    -   '     - 
  
            
          
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔           
4.  
2.
  ,      
    ,       
  ,        ,  
1991    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔           
    
5.    
   ,       
,      '   
,             
 '
  
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔     ,        
6.        
  , -      
    ,       
     ,       

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔          
7.   
        
  ,  ,       
  -   
         '  
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔        
8.  
           
       
,          
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔         
9.     
2.
     ,    ,  
    
,        
 
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  -    
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘  
19
            ,  
 ,        - 
      

    '   
           
  
           
  -
       
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼      
 
      
,        
,      
    '  
 
   -      
     
      
       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔     -      
    
󹵍󹵉󹵎󹵏󹵐 

  ' 

,  ,    

,   ,  
 
   ,   

, 
  
 ,  

 , , 
  
  ,   
2.
  
, 

   
󷇮󷇭  
      
 -     
         ,    
,            
-
VII.          ,     '
             
:     
           ,   ' 60    
    ,             
, , ,  ,  ,     
          ,       
     ,    , ,      
 ,            
,                  
 , ,          ,  
          '  
1.   
           ,      
   ,    ,   , ,  
, ,    ,        
     
        
    ,
   ,          ,  
  
      ,  , ,   
      '         

 
2.
2.   
       
      
 ,     
      
       
       
  
     '   '   
  ,    ,    ,     
       ,          

          
3.      
              ,
,        ,       

   , ,           
      ,      ,   , 
'  ,           ,  ,   
    
   , ,      
             
  
4.      
   ,       
   
 ,  ,         
 ,        , ,      
   
     ,       ,
, ,       '    ,    
,        ,         
        -    
5.   
2.
          , ,   
          '      
,                
 ,      '    
6.  
  ,            ,   
,    ,          
  
   
  -,      ,     
   
          ?
   ,      
  ,  
    ,         
1.    -     
        
         -    
                
   ,    ,   ' ,  
         -       
  
       ,     
 
 - 
 ,   -    
2.   
    ,  - ,   
               
          
2.
3.   
             
             
    
4.     
     '        
  
 
 
 
     , ,    
     
5.    
            , 
           
          
    
6.   
        -    ,  
 ,   ,        
      

  
;  ,            
  ;         , ,  ,
     , 
     
            ,  
    
     ,      
2.
      - 
  , 
      
   
 .    ,         ?   
  
  ?
:󷇮󷇭  :      
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼-
     
   ,     
          ,    
  ,              
    ,      
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  :         
 -  ,
        
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼     
1.      
   ,          
  
          
 ,     ,
        
 ,           
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔           
2.  
     '    
 
          ,    
  
  -  ,        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔       " "   
3. - 
2.
       ,      
  
  ,        
              
     
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔           
4.    
   ,   
,      
 
 
       -  ,     
       
              
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔                

5.     
              
         
-  -   ()    
          
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔    
6.  
         
               
        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   
 
7.    
            
 
  ,        
          
     
      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔           
2.
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    
1.   
          
          '   ,  
     
2.   
   ,          
   ,   -     
 
3.     
           
    
           
  
4.  -   
       -   
     ,      '  


󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔       
 -      
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼        
1.      

     PCPNDT    
  
-          
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔       -     
2.  
           
   ,       
" ,  "       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   ,       
2.
3.     
-          
            
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔        
4.    
        
            
       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔       
5.  
-      
 ,    -  
 

         
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔     

6.      
            
,           

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔       
7.  
         
 ,      -     
  
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔      
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘  
                ,
               
2.
         
     

-   
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔        , , ,   
󷇮󷇭  
       ,        
          
     
  -   , , ,     
"               
 
       ,       
 "